Valentino
Valentino Garavani founded his Rome haute couture house in 1960, having trained in Paris at the École des Beaux-Arts and under Jean Dessès and Guy Laroche. His Paris formation gave him a technical discipline that he applied to Italian craftsmanship in a way that set the house apart from its founding. Karl Lagerfeld described him as having given Roman couture the rigour it had previously lacked. His work was built around sweeping gowns in silk, chiffon, lace and velvet, with hand-sewn embroidery and meticulous attention to finish. His signature Valentino red appeared in every collection from his debut in 1959 until his retirement in 2008, closing his final show with every model on the runway dressed in red.